In the Skin of a Lion Essay - 996 Words

In the Skin of a Lion Historical Obliviousness in Michael Ondaatjes In the Skin of a Lion Michael Ondaatjes In the Skin of a Lion narrates the forgotten stories of those who contributed to the building of the city Toronto, particularly immigrants and marginal individuals. In the very first page of the novel, Ondaatje stresses the concern with personal narratives and the act of storytelling: This is the story a young girl gathers in a car during the early hours of the morning [...] She listens to the man as he picks up and brings together various corners of the story... (4). Similar to Crossing the River, there is a framework story, that of a man telling a story to a girl, that opens and ends the novel and gives coherence to†¦show more content†¦However instead of employing historical contexts to create the tension, Ondaatje makes subtle but explicit comments on historical oblivion to individuals and their stories. History is implicitly considered as a master narrative that allows no space to articulate local narratives and to account for the richness, variet y and complexity of human experience. To counterbalance the omissions and partiality of the historical master narrative, the alternative Ondaatje proposes is to privilege and celebrate a plurality of private and local narratives that give voice to the forgotten of History. Caravaggio, for example, is sadly aware of his being left out of the History of the city he has helped to build. Like Nicholas Temelcoff, he is painfully conscious of his anonymity and marginality: He was anonymous.[...] He would never leave his name where his skill had been. He was one of those who have a fury or a sadness of only being described by someone else (199). His story has never been legitimised. When Nicholas Temelcoff realises how he has been sewn into history. [He decides] he will begin to tell stories (149) to appropriate his own life. As the title of the novel indicates, to take responsibility for ones own story and for its narration is a way of legitimising and appropriating ones life in order to compensate for historical omissions. Alices explanation of the meaning of the title emphasises the importance of telling personal stories: Each personShow MoreRelatedIn the Skin of a Lion Anaylsis Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss the ways in which textual forms and features shape your understanding of In the Skin of a Lion. Michael Ondaatje’s postmodern exploration of the early, developmental years of Canada, In the Skin of a Lion, is expressed through multiple perspectives, with no dominant perspective or omniscient narrator. The narrative is presented as fragmented and contains interruptions from intersecting perspectives. The presence of class conflict forces the characters to experience extreme adversity, withRead MoreThe Skin Of A Lion By Michael Ondaatje1069 Words   |  5 Pagesgeneral idea of what the novel mainly tells the readers. Although this novel has many themes, specific ones become more significant and mean the same thing as the elements of literature progress throughout this novel. In Michael Ondaatje’s â€Å"In the Skin of a Lion,† major themes were revealed and developed through the novel’s setting. The theme of rich versus poor, the theme of dreams versus reality, and the lack of language are important factors that enhance the novel. The idea of dreams versus realityRead MoreEssay about In the Skin of a Lion by Michael Ondaatje1040 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"In the Skin of a Lion,† by Michael Ondaatje In the novel, â€Å"In the Skin of a Lion,† by Michael Ondaatje, the main character, Patrick Lewis, searches for identity and light. Without these elements, he lacks love and cannot survive the world. A passage in chapter three describes him as a lonely man that is isolated from the world around him. â€Å"Clara and Ambrose and Alice and Temelcoff and Cato- this cluster made up a drama without him. And he himself was noting but a prism that refracted theirRead MoreAnalysis Of Michael Ondaatje s The Skin Of A Lion 1632 Words   |  7 PagesOndaatje’s In the Skin of a Lion, the play of light and shadow are reoccurring motifs that identify and relate to the general themes of remembering and forgetting. H. Porter Abbott has defined motif as â€Å"a discrete thing, image, or phrase that is repeated in a narrative†, where in contrast, a theme â€Å"is a more generalized†¦concept that is suggested by†¦ motifs† (237). Abbott emphasizes that â€Å"The mes are implicit in motifs, but not the other way around† (95). In In the Skin of a Lion, Ondaatje emphasizesRead MoreIn the Skin of a Lion, Michael Ondaatje - Hsc Module B Critical Study1699 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Skin of a Lion Essay Vanessa Kidson English Advanced Mark: 18/20 In your view, how have narrative techniques been used to reveal memorable ideas in Michael Ondaatje’s novel In The Skin of a Lion? â€Å"The Bridge goes up in a dream.† Ondaatje’s fictionalised re-telling of the historical events circling the construction of the Bloor Street Viaduct reveal themes of Authority Power, Rebellion Freedom, and Love Loss that continues to illuminate throughout his novelRead MoreRobertson Davies Fifth Business, Anne Proulxs The Shipping News, Michael Ondaatjes In the Skin of a Lion, and Jack Hodgins The Invention of the Wo4018 Words   |  17 PagesDavies Fifth Business, E. Anne Proulxs The Shipping News, Michael Ondaatjes In the Skin of a Lion, and Jack Hodgins The Invention of the World use myth and lore to describe the obstacles which the protagonists and others must get over or confront in order to recover their perspective identities. Place anchors the novels in Canada: Fifth Business in Ontario, The Shipping News in Newfoundland, In the Skin of a Lion in Toronto, and The Invention of the World on Vancouver Island. Because they are differentRead MoreCat Bre eds And The Sphynx1631 Words   |  7 Pagesreferred to as the hairless cat. Remember Mr. Bigglesworth, Dr. Evil s cat in the Austin Powers movies? The Sphynx is not a truly hairless cat, although it appears to be. The Sphynx s skin is often covered by a very soft peach fuzz. These cats also are known for their wedge-shaped heads and curious natures. Their skin is warm and soft to the touch, feeling like a very fine leather. The Sphynx may or may not have whiskers. Because they do not have coats to keep them warm, Sphynx cats tend to be veryRead MoreAesop Is A Greek Narrator1103 Words   |  5 Pagesfable is about a wolf who is having trouble getting at a herd of sheep because the shepherd and dogs watch them so well. One day the wolf found the skin of a sheep that had previously been killed. The wolf used this sheep skin to sneak into the herd. Once he was in the herd and earned the herds trust, a lamb who had lost his mother- the one whose skin the wolf is wearing- began to acc ompany the wolf. The wolf then leads the lamb away and soon made a meal out of the lamb. This fable always remindsRead MoreEssay on Greek Mythology and Hercules1574 Words   |  7 PagesCerberus, the moment of potential victory in finally subduing the beast. He also draws the viewer’s eye to Hercules in particular by using chiaroscuro (Sporre 60) and contrasting light and shade. The artist highlights the hero with light colors for a skin tone and engulfing him with dark and gloomy colors. One of the most intriguing features of this piece of work is the muscle definition in Hercules’s body and Zurbaran’s ability to capture the demigod in motion. Hercules is shown as an extremely tonedRead MoreStories behind the Complex Compositions: Sculpture Comparison1051 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Italian Baroque style. The cultural context of this piece is based on ancient sarcophagi. The living subjects in A Faun Teased by Children include a faun, three small children, a lion, a lizard, and a tree sprouting grapes and other fruits and vegetation. The nonliving subjects include the skin of a lion. The scene appears to be the location of a forest or place where fruitful vegetation is apparent. The sculpture is asymmetrical with active vertical and diagonal accents depicting a scene

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Bowlbys Attachment Theory And Attachment - 1274 Words

According to Simply Psychology, Bowlby’s attachment theory says an individual can have an attachment with someone that is not shared. Attachment is characterized by behaviors in children such as seeking proximity with their attachment figure when upset. Bowlby’s experiments led him to see the importance of a child and mother relationship. (Saul McLeod, 2009) With more research later came four phases of attachment. Phase one is from birth to two months, this stage is where babies seek comfort, and can attach to anyone. Phase two is from two months to seven months. Babies start to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar faces. Also, they can tell between primary and secondary caregivers. Phase three is seven to 24 months old. This phase is when babies have the knowledge of who their caregiver is, which causes separation anxiety when the caregiver has to leave. Phase four is from 24 months and after, which is when the child can reciprocate the relationship. (Maianu, 2 015) Growing up I spent most of my time with my mom, and grandma. Since my mom was a single mom I feel that I did not get an equal balance of the top and bottom of the circle very well. I would say that my mom would let me explore but not to the fullest, and my grandma would let me explore as much as I wanted. My mom would either put too much of a restriction on the exploration or stay to close. When I was with my grandma, she would let me go off and explore and check in on me every so often. There were a fewShow MoreRelatedBowlbys Theory of Attachments854 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Bowlby’s Theory Attachment is a strong and emotional bond that develops over time between two individuals that is reciprocal. 1. THE THEORY * Bowlby’s theory suggests that attachment is evolutionary and is needed to aid survival. * He did observational research to link orphans with psychological damage. * Babies are helpless and rely on adults. They make instinctive decisions because they haven’t actually learnt anything yet. Bowlby said that babies must be genetically programmedRead MoreBowlbys Theory Of Attachment1378 Words   |  6 PagesBowlby (1969) and his theory of attachment: An example of an extreme nature theorist is Bowlby (1969) and his theory of attachment. Bowlby believed that all mental health and behavioural problems could be linked to early childhood health. Bowlby’s theory suggests that all children are biologically pre-programmed to form relationships and attachments with others before they are even born for survival and that the fear of strangers in babies and young children represents an important survival mechanismRead MoreBowlbys Attachment Theory Essay1943 Words   |  8 PagesBowlbys Attachment Theory Findings form animal studies were a powerful influence on Bowlbys thoughts. He suggested too that there was a critical period for the development of attachments between infant and care giver. According to Bowlby infants display an innate tendency to become attached to one particular individual. He called this monotropy. He suggested this tendency was qualitatively different from any subsequent attachment a child might form. However, heRead MoreJohn Bowlbys Theories of Attachment Theory949 Words   |  4 Pagesdo not develop in a void or as â€Å"individual monads† but as members of interacting systems. Bowlby developed his theory on attachment for several decades, and at a time where any dealings with childhood trauma were still rigorously influenced by Freudian psychoanalysis through the likes of psychoanalysts such Anna Freud or Melanie Klein. Even Winnicott was â€Å"revulsed† upon reading Bowlbys papers (siegel). It certainly was a bitter pill to swallow for psychoanalysts who had been repeating since FreudRead MoreModifications of Bowlbys Attachment Theory Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesModifications of Bowlbys Attachment Theory Bowlbys original theory of attachment was concerned with the bonding relationship that develops between an infant and his primary caregiver. He believed the process of bonding to have a biological basis as the genes of those infants who successfully sought the protection of a caregiver (from predators and other dangers) will have survived and been passed on. Bowlby also formulated the Maternal Deprivation hypothesis (1953)Read MoreBowlby’s Attachment Theory Essay example1156 Words   |  5 PagesBowlby’s attachment theory has greatly influenced practice. His theory of attachment explains the importance of having a figure that the child shares a strong bond with. Having an attachment can significantly support a child’s development as Barbara Woods suggests that â€Å"his theory of attachment proposed that attachment is innate in both infants and mothers, and that the formation of this attachment is crucial for the infants development† Wood, B (2001, p.53). Bowlby believed that forming an attachmentRead MoreJohn Bowlbys Attachment Theory Essay2161 Words   |  9 PagesJohn Bowlby’s attachment theory established that an infant’s earliest relationship with their primary caregiver or mother shaped their later development and characterized their human life, â€Å"from the cradle to the grave† (Bowlby, 1979, p. 129). The attac hment style that an infant develops with their parent later reflects on their self-esteem, well-being and the romantic relationships that they form. Bowlby’s attachment theory had extensive research done by Mary Ainsworth, who studied the mother-infantRead MoreLearning Theory Of Attachment And The Other Being Bowlbys Evolution Theory1692 Words   |  7 Pageslater life. Attachment theories are studied and the effect of no attachment or disrupted attachment is studied and aimed to be resolved. John Bowlby defined attachment as the emotional and physical connection that makes two people stay close to one another. It is between children and their primary caregivers (Psychologistworld.com, 2016). This essay will discuss and evaluate two theories of attachment: one being Dollard and Miller’s learning theory of attachment and the other being Bowlby’s evolutionRead MoreJohn Bowlbys Path to Developing the Attachment Theory Essay593 Words   |  3 Pagesmany different theories on this subject, but a well-known theory is the Attachment Theory written by John Bowlby in the mid-twentieth century. John Bowlby born on February 26, 1907, was a twentieth century psychologist who contributed too many modern day psychoanalytic theories. At a young age he hardly saw his mother due to the fact that she believed, like many other mothers at that time, affection and attention would lead to spoiling of the child. So he developed a deep attachment to his nanny sinceRead MoreHow Has Bowlby’s Original Formulation of Attachment Theory Essay example2374 Words   |  10 PagesBowlby’s (1946) original formulation of attachment theory drew upon both psychoanalytic and ethol ogical theory and generated a significant amount of subsequent research. The core principle behind Bowlby’s theory was that the formation of a stable, healthy attachment with a caregiver in the early years of life is the key for an infants’ future emotional, social and cognitive development. Bowlby explained that this primary attachment relationship develops because infants need a mechanism to ensure

Business Events in the Global Contexts - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Business Events in the Global Contexts. Answer: One of the biggest challenges for countries/cities hosting global/mega events like Olympics and FIFA World Cup is to get new ways to enhance their performance not only in social and economic context but also in environmental terms. FIFA World Cup and Olympics are two international sports events, which attract wide population in different countries. The number of visitors arrival depends on the attractiveness of event destination and interest of people towards sports and events. There are various similarities in both events such as these events occur every four years in different countries (Alexandris, Kaplanidou, 2014). Each sports event is held by a private firm that is accountable for selecting the location by analyzing its image. The below section of this essay compares and contrasts both mega events, i.e. FIFA World Cup and Olympics. FIFA World Cup is generally known as World Cup that is an international football competition. It is contested by the national teams of senior men, who are the members of Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), i.e. global regulating body of sports. This sports event is conducted every four years since its inauguration in the year 1930. The current winner of FIFA is Germany that won at last tournament of 2014 in Brazil. Another chosen event is Olympics, which is a popular international sport event (American Arbitration Association, 2018). It is featured as winter and summer competitions, in which several athletes from all over the world. These athletes participate in different competitions, held under this event. The Olympic event is considered as a leading competition, where over 200 countries have been participating. Same as FIFA event, these games are also conducted every four years in winter and summer alternatively. Last Olympics games held in Rio was dominated by United States, United Kingdom and China that between them claimed 99 gold medal and total 258 medals during the games (Horne, Whannel, 2016). Last time, both of the above events were held in same country, i.e. Brazil, so this is the destination that is chosen for comparing the events. For these events, the organizers are targeting the worldwide population by using different segmentation characteristics, i.e. demographic, geographic, psychographic etc. FIFA World Cup, target market is determined on the basis of geographic and psychographic. It is targeting Brazilian and worldwide population, who have interest in watching football and soccers. The country has attracted the visitors from 180 countries to Brazil. In addition to this, organizers have tried to make its visibility among the people, who are not able to travel to Rio (Brazil) for this event. For Olympic Games, the marketers always segment the visitors under two categories such as General Olympics sport fan and targeted Olympic sports fan (Foley, Edwards, .Hergesell, 2015). General Olympic fans are the people, who like to watch ordinary sports like tracking, gymnast ics and swimming. On the other side, Targeted Olympics audiences are the people, who have interest in little-known sports such as rugby sevens. During last Olympic Games, Rio attracted 1.2 million people, whereas FIFA World Cup received 886 thousand visitors. Destination image is one of the most important factors, which needs to be considered while making decision on location for a particular sport event. It affects the behavior and purchasing decisions of tourists and visitors. Before conducting events, the organizers need to analyze the destination image of that country or city. In the context of last FIFA and Olympics Games, Brazil is considered as the best location. For Brazil, it can be stated that Brazil is recognized for its significant sporting culture due to its moderate conditions. The economy of Brazil has been growing at exceptional rate. The country has enough infrastructures that are needed for holding international sports events (Awuah, Reinert, 2018). It has made a large investment in highway expansion and road construction. Government of company has provided a financial support to FIFA World Cup and Olympics Games were funded by Olympic committee of Brazil. Thus, destination image of country can be determined by consider ing different facts such as infrastructure, tourist arrival, countrys economy, social and cultural factors, support from government and other authorities. To promote these events, organizers have used various marketing platforms such as social media sites, TV ads, commercial ads, print media, sponsorships and other modes of promotion. Approximately, 3.6 billion of the population watches FIFA world cup on internet, TV, mobile phones and by other means (Kim, Kang Kim, 2014). For FIFA, TV rights are the biggest marketing platform and business. ESPN and ABC are the major channels, which broadcast the Football matches in English and other languages. It has given the advertisements in the breaks of news and other episodes. In addition to this, FIFA World Cup has three types of official sponsors such as World Cup Sponsors, FIFA Partners and National Supporters. There are some specific companies, which sponsor this event such as Adidas and Nike. For marketing Olympics Games, the organizers are primarily using sponsorships (Fyall, Shipway, 2013). They have various sponsors, who are spending extra marketing amount to make putting their names t o different games of Olympics tournament. Moreover, the organizers are using social media platforms for promoting countrys image among population worldwide. For example, before the beginning of summer Olympics, Brazil has already made the headlines for its safety and environmental concerns (Getz, 2008). These facts, combined with the sports events produced over 53 million mentions of Rio Olympics on social media platforms such a Facebook, Twitter etc. There may be three types of products, which are associated with a particular product or services. These types of products are such as core product, tangible product and augmented product. For both FIFA World Cup and Olympics Games, the core product is the experience of event that is created of four elements, i.e. players, tournament venue, type of game and equipment. To conduct FIFA, there must always be availability of soccers, stadium and football. These events are not tangible products, but they are services. For FIFA, football and stadium are the tangible products. In case of Basketball game, basketballs, gymnasiums and basketball hoops are tangible products for Olympic Games. Furthermore, augmented products include additional ancillary services and benefits. For these sport events, augmented products are the major components of the marketing and promotion process (Liu, Gomez, Lago-Peas, Sampaio, 2015). It includes stay at hotels in the country, food services, and hospitality se rvices, location of stadium, social interaction and transportation facilities. These products of FIFA and Olympics events add various additional benefits for the visitors, who are arriving to enjoy the tournaments. As an organizer of the above events, I would use effective marketing strategies, so that we can retain the repeated attendees and attract new people to visit the events. FIFA World Cup and Olympics events are the two international events, so their marketing should be very creative and engaging. To retain existing customers, I would provide various facilities to the regular visitors such as they should have the facility of ticket booking through mobile applications. Mobile marketing is one of the best strategies to approach the people. As an organizer, one can engage the new generation of sports followers by giving mobile friendly data (Preuss, 2013). For the retention of attendees, I will provide discounts and other offers to regular visitors. To attract new people, Facebook is one of the biggest social media sites, where most of the population is available. There are various ideas, which can be shared with the sports fans such as results of games, videos and images from FIFA and Oly mpics, updates, messages from players and athletes etc. It will assist to attract the people towards these events. In addition to this, I will be offering a complete package that includes ticket charges and hotel facilities. It would be economic for the visitors and it will increase the repeat intention of attendees towards these events. For the event organizers, it is significant to provide sports fans with a better and exclusive experience while attending the sports events (Rogers, 2013). As an organizer, I will provide them the opportunities to make new memories with their friends and families, so that they can develop a connection with the event and team players. By the use of innovative technology, tourists can make creative moments. It will lead the organizers towards greater retention of attendees towards two major global events, i.e. FIFA World Cup and Olympics Games. In this way, I can retain the existing attendees and attract new audiences towards these events. In the limelight of the above essay, it can be concluded that FIFA World Cup and Olympics Games are two international sporting events, which are held every four years in different countries. The host country needs to make various arrangements and preparations for holding these events. Infrastructure and economy of country plays an important role in developing a destination image of the country (Supovitz, 2013). To attract more visitors, event organizers use different marketing platforms and strategies. From the analysis, it can be stated that FIFA World Cup is more competitive than Olympics. These events assist the host countries to make development in terms of social and economic manner. In addition to this, there is an environmental impact on the country. The marketers and organizers should adopt effective marketing strategies to enhance the promotion and marketing of FIFA and Olympic Events. References Alexandris, K., Kaplanidou, K. (2014). Marketing sport event tourism: sport tourist behaviors and destination provisions.Sport Marketing Quarterly,Vol. 23. American Arbitration Association. (2018). Major Sporting Events in Brazil Business Opportunities and the Legal Framework. International Centre for Dispute Resolution. Awuah, G.F. Reinert, V. (2018). Potential tourists image of a tourist destination: The case of Brazil. Retrieved from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:452288/FULLTEXT01.pdf. (Accessed on 9 march 2018). Foley, C., Edwards, .Hergesell, A. D. (2015). Asian Incentive Events in New South Wales: Expenditure and retail impacts. Report Commissioned by Business Events Sydney. Retrieved from www.businesseventscouncil.org.au. (Accessed on 9 march 2018). Fyall, A. Shipway, R. (2013). International Sports Events: Impacts, Experiences and Identities. UK. Routledge Publications. Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research.Tourism management,Vol. 29. Horne, J., Whannel, G. (2016).Understanding the olympics. UK. Routledge. Kim, J., Kang, J. H., Kim, Y. K. (2014). Impact of mega sport events on destination image and country image.Sport Marketing Quarterly,Vol. 23. Liu, H., Gomez, M. ., Lago-Peas, C., Sampaio, J. (2015). Match statistics related to winning in the group stage of 2014 Brazil FIFA World Cup.Journal of sports sciences,Vol. 33. Preuss, H. (2013). The Contribution of the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games to Green Economy. Sustainability, vol. 5. Rogers, T. (2013). Conferences and Conventions: A Globall Industry (3rd ed). UK. Routledge. Supovitz, F. (2013).The sports event management and marketing playbook(Vol. 72). Australia. John Wiley Sons.